![]() ![]() īased on a multiobjective geochemical survey conducted to identify pollutants from industrial, mining, and agricultural activities, the fertilizer usage rate, livestock, poultry manure, pesticides, irrigation water, atmospheric deposition of industrial waste and automobile exhaust, and other human activities were the primary causes of soil pollution. The heavy metal (HM) concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ni were 1.86, 0.29, 154.78, 496.17, 91.06, 131.7, and 40.99 mg/kg, which exceeded the background values in street dust around an industrial zone in Shijiazhuang (SJZ). For example, Cd (0.92 mg/kg) and Hg (0.0725 mg/kg) were major toxic elements in the smelting of a middle area in the Hebei plain, China. However, industrial activity developments cause serious HMP, thereby limiting the agriculture economy. Industry and agriculture form the economic foundation of Hebei Province. Based on the standards, measures must be taken to appropriately manage the soil environment on agricultural lands. China issued novel soil environmental quality standards and guidelines to mitigate risks on agricultural land (GB15618-2018). The quality of arable land and soil is worrisome moreover, pollution levels are high in soils near abandoned industrial sites and mines. Therefore, the overall situation was not good. Trace elements, such as Cd, Ni, Cu, As, Hg, and Pb, were the major pollutants. In a soil pollution survey, the standards were breached at 19.4% of sites i.e., 13.7%, 2.8%, 1.8%, and 1.1% of the considered area was slightly, mildly, moderately, and considerably polluted, respectively. HMP in agricultural soils, in addition to the quality and safety of agricultural products, has recently become an essential topic that should be considered to protect farmlands. Agricultural pollution influences food safety, which affects human health. China is primarily a country having a large agricultural production therefore, there are concerns about environmental problems related to agriculture. The dispersion of HMP over large areas has become a hotspot in environmental management. In agroecological environments, heavy metal pollution (HMP) is attributed to improper application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as irrigation water and industrial factors. These factors provide a valuable reference for remediating HM pollution. The results of PCS–MLR demonstrated that the contribution rate of As, Ni, and Cr in the study area was 30.06%, 71.86%, 57.71% for the first group (natural source) Cu, Pb and Zn were 71.78%, 63.59%, and 30.72% for the second group (vehicle emissions) Zn was 60.93% for the third group (fertilizer application and irrigation water) and Hg was 85.16%, for the fourth group (coal combustion). ![]() Cd and Zn in the soil were attributable to the farming activity, whereas Hg originates from the combustion of coal. Cu and Pb in the soil were attributable to the input from vehicular emissions and irrigation water. ![]() Geological sources contribute to the accumulation of As, Cr, and Ni in soil. Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that there were four sources of HMs in soil. The result of the atmospheric dry and wet deposition contributed more to soil pollution than the usage of fertilizer or irrigation water by calculating the input flux. The distribution map showed that Cd was mainly concentrated in eastern area of Baoding (BD) in the study area. The potential ecological risk factor (Er) of Cd demonstrated a moderately potential ecological risk, accounting for 67.72%. The results showed that Cd and Hg increased I geo values, and the maximum levels of As (29.5 mg/kg), Cu (228.9 mg/kg), Cd (4.52 mg/kg), and Zn (879.0 mg/kg) were greater than the health risk screening values in the soil quality standard of China. The source and input flux of each element were predicted using the input flux and principal component score–multiple linear regression (PCS–MLR) methods. The HM index of geoaccumulation (I geo) and potential ecological risk index (RI) of soil was calculated for eight HMs. In this study, atmospheric deposition, fertilizer, irrigation water, and agricultural soil samples were collected from farming areas (~74,111 km 2) in Hebei Province, China. However, the potential ecological risk, source, and input flux of HMs in these areas have not been well-investigated. A large amount of heavy metal (HM) inputs exists in the farming areas of the Hebei plain of northern China. ![]()
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